青海放牧牦牛和舍饲牛球虫病感染的比较研究^*

马艳圆

（青海省湟源县扶贫与开发局，湟源，812100）

摘要：从青海省海北州海晏县、祁连县和黄南州尖扎县等地采集放牧牦牛粪便587份，舍饲牛粪便70份，用蔗糖漂浮法进行球虫卵囊检，并对不同年龄段放牧牦牛的球虫感染率进行了统计。结果表明：放牧牦牛粪便中球虫卵囊阳性率为52.81%（310/587），舍饲牛粪便中球虫卵囊阳性率为84.29%（59/70），舍饲牛球虫感染率明显高于放牧牛（p< 0.05）。调查中发现放牧牦牛和舍饲牛感染13种艾美尔球虫，其中牛型（Eimeria bovis），加拿大球虫（E. canadensis），奥博艾美耳球虫（E. auburnensis），椭圆球虫（E. ellipsoidalis）和邱氏球虫（E. zuernii）为主要虫种，均有很强的致病性。不同年龄段放牧牦牛中，3月龄牦牛的球虫感染率最高，达79.22%；1月龄牦牛的感染率最低，为17.72%。

关键词：放牧牦牛；舍饲牛；球虫感染

中图分类号：S823.8?5    文献标志码：A   文章编号：1003-7950（2017）02-0017-04

A comparative study of Coccidiosis infection of grazing yaks and pen feeding cattle in Qinghai Province

MA Yan-yuan

(Huangyuan Poverty Alleviation and Development Corporation, Huangyuan, 812100)

Abstract: In order to master the coccidiosis infection status of grazing yaks and pen feeding cattle in Qinghai Province, 587 fecal samples of grazing yaks and 70 fecal samples of pen feeding cattle were collected from Haiyan, Qilian and Jianza county. The coccidian oocysts were examined by saturated sucrose floatation, and Coccidiosis infection rate of grazing yaks of with different age were calculated. The results showed that the positive Coccidiosis infection rate of fecal samples in grazing yaks was 52.81%（310/587）,but the positive Coccidiosis infection rate was 84.29%（59/70）in pen feeding cattle, is significantly higher than in grazing yaks. （p< 0.05）. Thirteen Eimeria species were found in infected grazing yaks and pen feeding cattle, which predominant coccidiain were E. bovis, E. canadensis, E. auburnensis, E. ellipsoidalis and E. zuernii, and also they were the main infectious species for yaks. So these species have the very strong pathogenic. The coccidian infection rate of yaks with aged 3 months was the highest (79.22%), and the infection rate of yaks with aged 1 months was the lowest (17.72%) in different age of yaks.

Key words: Grazing yaks;  Pen feeding cattle; Coccidiosis infection