Abstract: This study focused on the effects of temperature enhancement on the number and distribution of soil microorganisms (fungi, actinomycete, bacteria)in alpine meadow soils at Qinghai University-Tsinghua University Sanjiangyuan grassland ecological environment monitoring and positioning station by adopting the method of simulated warming with Open-top chambers(OTCs). The results showed that temperature enhancement is beneficial to increase the number of soil microorganisms (fungi, actinomycete, bacteria, and the order of percentage increasing in the number was bacteria> actinomycetes>fungi; Temperature enhancement significantly increased the number of soil microorganisms within 0-15cm soil depth(P < 0.05);Under the condition of simulated warming ,the increased number of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi were mainly occurred in July and August (P < 0.05). But there was not significant effect on microorganisms number in September (P > 0.05).